How to install Linux Ubuntu? Step-by-step instructions for beginners. WUBI – Installing Ubuntu directly from Windows

Correct installation of Ubuntu from a flash drive will provide the ability to work on a computer or laptop in an operating system that provides for the legal free use of most programs and the platform itself, unlike Windows, which is distributed for free or using “pirated” distributions.

Linux also has other advantages that the user will receive after installing Ubuntu. And this will not take much time and following a few simple recommendations.

Benefits of installing from a USB drive

By installing Ubuntu OS from a flash drive, the user receives a number of advantages compared to installing the distribution kit on a CD or DVD:

• The ability to install the system on a device without a disk drive (which may, for example, be broken or absent altogether, as in some modern PCs, almost all netubes or nettops);
• High installation speed, since USB 2.0 and 3.0 flash drives are much faster compared to disks;
• No problems accessing information due to scratched disk surfaces.

Creating a USB flash drive for installing Ubuntu

Before installing the operating system on your computer, you should first download its distribution kit from a reliable site and install it on a flash drive, converting it to a suitable ISO format.

If you already have a system image, you should burn it to media.

The distribution kit already available on a flash drive will further simplify the procedure, but, as a rule, occupying it with only the installation program is ineffective - it’s easier to store Ubuntu on the computer’s hard drive.

Or on the same media, but configured not for loading, but for storing information - the distribution kit does not exceed 2 GB in size and can be freely located on media formatted in FAT32.

1. Download the distribution

Downloading the distribution kit will not take much time - you can find more or less modern versions on the websites Ubuntu.com or Ubuntu.ru.

Today, one of the most current systems is Ubuntu 14.04.

You can also find older versions here, but the computer resource requirements for Linux are not as different for the different options as for Windows.

And the latest platforms have more functionality.

2. Create a boot disk in Windows

Then insert the device into the USB port, restart the computer and begin the installation.

Another option is to call the boot menu when the computer boots (by pressing Esc, F2, F8 or one of the other top row function keys) and select boot from media.

Download Ubuntu Live

The Ubuntu Desktop distribution is an operating system that boots in Live mode, that is, without the need for installation on a PC.

In this case, the functionality of the platform will be approximately the same.

However, it is more convenient to work in the system when the system files are still on the hard drive.

Immediately after the bootable flash drive automatically starts, a window will appear on the screen asking you to first select the language that the user prefers to work with, and then the appropriate launch or installation mode:

Installing Ubuntu.

After selecting the second option and Russian (or English, if that is more convenient for some purposes, or any other) language, a new window opens called “Preparing to install Ubuntu.”

Here you will see how much space there is on the hard drive partitions where the system will be installed, and whether there is an Internet connection - usually it is turned off during installation, but all updates for Ubuntu can be downloaded later.

The menu also suggests installing third-party software if it is built into the distribution (codecs for sound playback, etc.).

The next step is to select an installation option. Among them there is the possibility:

• Install the system, leaving the platform already available on the computer (for example, Windows) operational;
• Replace the old system with a new one;
• Carry out an installation with the ability to encrypt records to increase the level of security of working on the computer;
• Label the disks yourself, completely changing their existing sizes.

Advice! In most cases, for users just starting to work with Linux Ubuntu, it is worth choosing the first option. Experienced users are advised to select the second or last menu item.

Selecting the hard drive partition size

When choosing to install two operating systems simultaneously, the next window shows the sizes of the HDD partitions. Here you can choose which part of them will be occupied by the new OS, and which will remain assigned to the old one.

And, although you can partition a disk using special partition editors, it is better to do this by moving the separator between volumes.

In the example shown, one of the disks has a size of 16 GB. At the same time, most of it (9.5 GB formatted in NTFS) will be given to the Windows OS, and 6.5 GB with the ext4 file system will be able to be used by Ubuntu.

Today, installing a full-fledged and modern version (14.04) will take relatively little, about 10 GB.

However, there is a condition - when installing on top of Windows, another 4-5 GB is required for the swap partition, where the contents of RAM will be temporarily written when Ubuntu is running.

In addition, Linux, if a second system is left, should occupy 2 partitions.

But on a physical disk, already divided into 3-4 parts, this is not possible (the number of logical disks should not exceed 4).

In this case, you will have to create a separate partition to install the operating system.

Completing the operating system installation

After selecting “Install now”, a warning will appear about creating additional partitions and resizing old ones.

All this takes quite a lot of time - the more changes, the longer it will take to install the OS.

Once the installation is complete, the user is offered a choice of regional settings for the new system, including language and layout, as well as time zone.

This completes the transfer of Ubuntu from a flash drive to a computer.

Conclusion

After choosing a user name and, if necessary, setting a password, you need to restart the computer.

The boot option selection menu appears again on the screen, requiring you to enter a password.

And after logging into the system for the first time, all that remains is to customize it for yourself by connecting to the Internet, installing the necessary codecs, drivers and programs, depending on the requirements for the functionality of the system.

This guide walks you through the installation process of Ubuntu Linux step by step. Installing Ubuntu is very easy and quite fast. With the release of each new version of Ubuntu, developers try to simplify the system installation process as much as possible. In this guide, I will walk you through the complete Ubuntu installation process, with each step accompanied by a screenshot and description. As a rule, users have the greatest difficulties only with disk partitioning; everything else is no more difficult than installing some program. We will look at the process of installing Ubuntu on an empty hard drive, as well as installing Ubuntu next to Windows, that is, the case when you already have the Windows operating system installed and want to install Ubuntu next to it.

1. Burning an iso image to disk - for installation from a CD/DVD.
   Writing an iso image to a USB drive (creating a bootable flash drive) - for installing Ubuntu from a flash drive.
2. — this item only needs to be completed if you already have Windows installed and want to install Ubuntu next to it.

This guide walks you through the installation process of Ubuntu 12.04. Other versions of Ubuntu are installed in exactly the same way.
Updated: Ubuntu 18.04 installs similarly. Feel free to use this guide.

First of all, you download the Ubuntu distribution kit, then burn it to the desired media (flash drive or disk). If you want to install Ubuntu next to Windows, then you pre-allocate free disk space. Then you restart your computer, configure the BIOS, and boot from the disk (or flash drive). You can boot either into a LiveCD system (a system that works without installation on the computer directly from the disk) or you can start the installation process without loading the LiveCD system. Let's look at the entire installation process step by step.

If you are installing Ubuntu for the first time and do not have sufficient experience, then it is highly advisable to backup your important data (copy it to another medium). Naturally, this is true if you are not installing Ubuntu on a clean computer.

Starting the Ubuntu installation

Let's assume you have already inserted a flash drive or disk and turned on the computer. The installer should start downloading. The following window will appear in front of you (let's call it the splash screen).

The not-so-informative keyboard icon at the bottom of the splash screen means that if you press any key on the keyboard, then you will be taken to a menu.

If you do not click anything, then the download will continue and the following window will appear. On the left in the list you can select a language (this language will be used in the LiveCD system) - select Russian. Next you can click the button Try Ubuntu to boot into the LiveCD system and start the installation from there, or immediately press the button Install Ubuntu. I advise you to boot into the LiveCD system, so click the button Try Ubuntu.

If you press an arbitrary key while the splash screen is displayed, then the language selection menu will be displayed. Use the arrows to select Russian and press Enter.


A menu will appear in which we select the first item Run Ubuntu without installing it on your computer. Thus, we will boot into the LiveCD system, and from there we will launch the installation. If for some reason the LiveCD system does not start, then you can select the second option and begin the installation immediately.

When you boot into the LiveCD, you need to double-click on the icon on the desktop Install Ubuntu (Install Ubuntu).

Language selection and initial settings

The first thing we will have to do is select the language of the future system (Ubuntu will be installed in the same language). Choose Russian and press the button Continue.

On the next window, “Preparing to install Ubuntu,” you are asked to check two boxes: “Download updates during installation” and “Install this third-party software.” If you select the “Download updates during installation” option, then during installation all the latest updates will be automatically downloaded from the Internet and installed (as well as localization files). I note that in this case the installation will take longer. If you do not currently have an Internet connection, you can update the system after installation. The second option (check mark) means that you agree that some closed source components will be installed (for example MP3 codecs and FLASH). I advise you to check two boxes, then press the button Continue.

Disk partitioning

We have come to the stage that causes the most difficulties for beginners - this is the partitioning of the hard drive (hard drive). I will try to briefly describe some basic principles of hard drive partitioning.

Each hard drive can be divided into several parts, these parts are called partitions (or partitions). For example, if you use Windows, then you may have only one partition - your C drive, or, for example, the hard drive can be divided into two parts - into two drives C and D (into two partitions).

Ubuntu Linux must be installed on a separate hard drive partition. The Linux file system has a specific directory structure. The root of the file system is designated as “/” (slash), all user data is stored in the /home directory (if we draw an analogy with Windows, this is something like the My Documents folder), the bootloader is located in the /boot directory, and so on. And you can put /home on a separate hard drive partition, /boot on another, and the rest of the “/” filesystem (aka system partition) on a third. In the simplest case, you need to create just one partition on your hard drive for the root “/”. There is also a special type of hard disk partition that Linux uses - a swap partition. A swap partition is an area on the hard drive that Linux can use in cases where it is low on RAM or needs to dump the operating system (the computer goes into sleep mode - hibernate).

As I already wrote, in the simplest case you only need to create one section. However, it is better to create at least three partitions. The first is the root partition (with a volume somewhere between 30-50GB), the second is the /home partition (the volume is usually taken to the maximum) and the third is the swap partition (the volume is usually taken equal to the amount of RAM). In this guide, I create exactly three sections.

For reference: 1GB = 1024MB, not 1000MB. For simplicity, during installation, I consider that 1000MB is 1GB, so I indicate the sizes in multiples of 1000. The installer himself adjusts them a little.

There are three types of partitions: primary, logical and extended. An extended partition is simply a combination of several logical partitions.

For MBR partition table There can be only 4 primary partitions for each hard drive (including extended). There can only be one extended section. There can be as many logical ones as you like. Windows is usually already installed on the primary partition, but Linux partitions can be combined into one extended partition. To do this, during installation you just need to specify that the type of each partition will be logical, then Ubuntu will automatically place them in one extended partition.

For GPT partition table(GUID Partition Table) there is no concept of logical and extended partitions. On disks with a GPT table, only primary partitions are created. You can create 128 partitions on one GPT disk.

Hard drives in Linux are referred to as sda, sdb, sdc, etc. Each partition on the disk is named sda1, sda2, etc.

If the disk uses an MBR partition table, then the first four digits are used to designate primary partitions, and the rest are used for logical partitions. For example, you can partition the disk like this:
sda1 - primary partition with Windows
sda2 - extended partition:
- sda5 - logical partition /
- sda6 - logical partition /home
- sda7 - logical swap partition

Each hard drive partition can be formatted with a specific file system. Under Windows, Fat32 or NTFS file systems are usually used. There are several file systems for Linux, but at the time of writing this guide, the best one is Ext4, so I will format all Linux partitions in Ext4.

Below are two ways to install Ubuntu. The first method is to install Ubuntu on a blank hard drive when you have a completely empty or new hard drive. The second method is to install Ubuntu on a hard drive that already has Windows installed. In the second case, when you start the computer, a menu will appear (GRUB menu), in which you can choose which operating system to launch.

Installation on a new (clean) hard drive

Installing Ubuntu on an empty hard drive is one of the easiest, since you don't risk damaging important data or accidentally formatting existing partitions on the drive. If you have a new and empty hard drive that does not contain other operating systems, then the following window will appear in front of you. You can select the first item, then the installer will do everything automatically, but we will select the second item and partition the disk ourselves the way we want. So, select the “Other option” item and press the button Continue.

A window will appear with a list of disks and partitions. Since there are no partitions on the new hard drive, the list will simply show your hard drive /dev/sda. First of all, we need to create a partition table. Please note that your partition table may already have been created and you can skip this step. Click the button New partition table.

A warning will appear, click the button Continue.

A new partition table will be created and the disk layout window will look like the one shown in the screenshot below. Please note that you can now see the current disk volume (free space). Now we will create three partitions (root /, home and swap. To create a new partition, click on the inscription " free place" and press the button Add.

As I already wrote, we will create three sections. The first will be the root / partition with a size of 30GB, the second home partition will be 218GB and the swap partition will be 2GB in size. When creating partitions, we will specify that all partitions must be logical. The installer will automatically create an Extended (extended) partition and place our three logical partitions in it.

So, the window for adding a new section has opened in front of us. I specified the partition type as Logical, the size in megabytes is 30000MB. The location of the section was indicated by Home. Ext4 file system and mount point / (root partition). After setting all the settings, press the button OK.

Now the window with a list of disk partitions will contain our root partition. At the same time, the amount of free space will decrease accordingly. Now let's create a home section. Click on an item in the list free place and then the button Add.

In the window for creating a new partition, again select the partition type Logical. I allocate maximum space for the size of the home partition, therefore, since I decided to leave 2GB for swap, then we define the size of the home partition as the current free space minus 2GB. In my case it is 218GB. We indicate the location Start, Ext4 file system, and mount point /home.

The home section will be added to the list of partitions. All that remains is to create a swap partition. Select an item from the list free place and press the button Add.

In the partition creation window, specify the type again Logical, size 2000MB (all remaining free space), location Start. In point Use as choose: swap partition. There is no need to specify the mount point.

As a result, we ended up with three partitions on the hard drive. Now we just have to select the device on which the bootloader will be installed (in the “Device for installing the system bootloader” list at the bottom of the window), in our case we select /dev/sda (the bootloader will be installed on our hard drive). In fact, the partitions have not yet been created or formatted; we have only compiled a list of actions for the installer. Please note that the checkmarks in the column Formatting should be opposite the root and home partitions. For the last time, check to see if you have entered everything correctly and click the button Install now.

Installation next to Windows

Quite often, users install Ubuntu side by side (in parallel) with Windows. In this case, when you boot your computer, you will be able to choose which system to start. We will assume that you have already allocated enough space on your hard drive to install Ubuntu. If you have not already done this, then follow the instructions described in the article “Preparing a disk in Windows before installing Ubuntu”.

In my case, I have Windows installed on my laptop, which is located on a 42GB partition and I have allocated 105GB of free space for Ubuntu, plus there is a hidden 1.5GB partition where Windows recovery files are stored (since the laptop was purchased with the system pre-installed).

So, the installer will automatically detect that you already have Windows installed and offer you several options for installing Ubuntu. Namely: automatic installation next to Windows, complete replacement of Windows with Ubuntu and manual installation (manual partitioning of the disk to suit your needs).

If you select the second option, then all data on the disk will be deleted and as a result one Ubuntu will be installed.

If you select the first item, then Ubuntu itself will automatically install itself in the free space that you allocated to it (for me it is a 105GB partition). In this case, the disk will be divided into only two partitions: root / and swap. This is what my disk looked like after this installation:

I advise you to use manual disk partitioning, so select the third item labeled “ Another variant"and press the button Continue.

A window will open showing the structure of your hard drive (or drives, if you have several). It clearly shows disk partitions, their sizes, file systems and occupied space. In the screenshot below you can just see the ~1.5GB partition (recovery partition for Windows), about 40GB is used for Windows and more than 100GB of free space that we left for installing Ubuntu. Click on the line " free place" and press the button Add.

The window for creating a new partition will open. First of all, we will create a root partition “/”. Selecting the partition type Logical, I installed the volume ~18GB, location " Start", Ext4 file system and mount point "/".

After adding the root partition, the disk structure will look like this. Click on the line again free place"and press the button Add.

Now we will create a home partition. I allocated all the available space for it minus 2 gigabytes, which will go to the swap partition. The settings are as follows: partition type “Logical”, size ~93GB, location “start”, file system Ext4 and mount point /home.

After adding the /home partition, we get the following disk structure. We have just 2GB left for the swap partition. Click on the line " free place" and then the button Add.

All we have to do is create a swap partition. Select the partition type Logical, set the size equal to the remaining 2GB, location Start and in the “Use as” field set the item “ swap partition", you do not need to select a mount point (the field will be locked).

As a result, we get the following hard disk structure. And the last thing we should check is the bottom option “Device for installing the system boot loader”. In the drop-down list you must indicate your hard drive (I have /dev/sda, on which we did all the partitioning), the GRUB system bootloader will be installed on it.

Additional settings

The system installation process will begin. At the same time, you will be prompted to perform some custom settings. On the first screen you must select the city (country) you are in:

Next, select the keyboard layout and press the button Continue. I have selected from two lists Russian.

Next, you must create a primary user.
In field " your name» enter your full name.
In field " Computer name» specify the name of the computer, for example - my-home-pc.
In field " Enter your username»Indicate your username (in small Latin letters). It is advisable to choose a username that is not very long and simple, and this is what your home directory will be called later (in my case it is /home/yuriy).
Below you must enter your password and password confirmation. Please note that you will then enter this password when logging into the system, as well as during any administrative system settings (for example, when updating or installing programs).
Press the button Continue.

You may then be asked to select a picture for your user (avatar). Since my laptop has a built-in web camera, the installer suggested that I take a photo of myself (button “ Take a photo»).

Next, the installer offers to import accounts from other operating systems. For some reason, it didn’t offer to import data from Windows 7, but usually you can import some user data (for example, bookmarks from Windows), but I’ve never done this. So we just press the button Continue.

Copying files

Now the further installation process will begin and you will be able to view some presentation of the system (slideshow). The installation will take a few minutes.

Restarting the computer

Finally, when the installation is complete, a message will appear asking you to restart your computer. Since I started the installation from a LiveCD system, I am also prompted Continue acquaintance with LiveCD system. Press the button Reboot. Most likely, you will also be asked to remove the flash drive (if the installation was from USB) or remove the disk (or the CD-ROM will open automatically), otherwise when you reboot, you will start auto-booting from the CD/flash drive again.

First start

After the computer restarts, the login window will appear in front of you. You must enter the password (which you provided when installing Ubuntu) and press Enter.

The Ubuntu desktop will boot. At this point, the Ubuntu installation can be considered complete. After installation, as a rule, a window will immediately pop up asking you to additionally install the system localization files, as well as perform a system update (if this was not done during the installation phase).

If you are reading this article, then you want to know how to install Ubuntu to your computer.

I hope you made sure that your computer has a free hard drive.

If you install Ubuntu on a hard drive where Windows is installed, you may end up with problems and have to reinstall everything. And God forbid, of course, if all the photos and music accumulated over a lifetime are lost))…

The article is intended for intermediate level users who do not really understand what a hard drive file system, its partitions, etc. are. I will try to illustrate the installation process of this operating system in as much detail as possible. And so, let's go!

Install Linux Ubuntu on your computer

And so... First, we need to have the operating system itself available before installing it. Download Ubuntu you can, and should, on the official website ubuntu.com in the Download section. Here you need to choose an architecture. 32-bit or 64-bit. Select 64-bit architecture only if you have more than 2 GB of RAM installed:

Let's get started with the process Ubuntu installations(I remind you that for beginners, it is better to use a separate hard drive). Insert the distribution disk into the drive of your computer. Reboot the computer in BIOS setup mode. In the BIOS you need to set the boot device order. Place your DVD drive in 1st place. Find information on how to enter the BIOS settings on the Internet.

Save the BIOS settings. We reboot and see:

Press any key and select a language:

In the next window, you can simply launch Ubuntu from the disk. This means that nothing will change on your computer. Ubuntu will boot from the DVD and that's it. Of course, it will not be possible to work in such an environment. Therefore, choose the 2nd option. "Install Ubuntu":

Finally something reminiscent of Windows appears - graphics. There are windows and an arrow. Hooray. Here we select the language of the installation program. Of course Russian:

The installer now checks that you meet the requirements and that you are connected to the Internet. If you have an Internet connection, check 2 checkboxes so that the installation program downloads Ubuntu updates and also installs additional files:

In the next window, select the Ubuntu installation method. The first option will delete all files from the hard drive you specify. And the installation will be done on it. Once again, make sure that there is no important data left on the hard drive.

Now you need to select the time zone you are in. Select by clicking on the map. Click where you live and control the time zone in the bottom line:

Select the keyboard layout. Those. in what language will the characters be entered in the system...

The layout has been chosen. In the next window, indicate your name, computer name, and system user name. Password and password repeat.

When you turn on your computer, Ubunta will ask you to enter your username and password. If you want Ubuntu to boot immediately, without entering a login and password, then check the appropriate box

That's all. Has begun Ubuntu installation process to your computer

Now all that remains is to wait for a while... During the installation process, the program will download updates. Speed ​​directly depends on the speed of your Internet connection and the speed of your computer. At the end, the installation program will inform you that you need to restart your computer. By the way. First, remove the DVD from the drive, and only then restart the computer:

Well, here is the treasured Ubuntu boot screen:

And then the desktop itself:

After some time, the system will inform you that language support is not fully installed:

Of course, you can see for yourself that part of the system interface and some programs are in English.

Click "Take this action now." In the "No language information available" window, click "Update":

Congratulations! You were able to install Ubuntu to your computer!

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This article is intended for those users who are good at computers in general and have extensive experience working with Windows in particular, but have little knowledge (or no knowledge at all) of Linux. That is why this article will not use UNIX-specific vocabulary. Common Linux tasks, such as partitioning your hard drive, installing software, and connecting the necessary plugins, will be completely solved using a graphical user interface (GUI).

Preparation

Hardware

One of the most attractive qualities of Linux is the relatively low level of technical requirements even for the most modern systems. The minimum system requirements for Ubuntu are 512 MB of RAM and 5 GB of disk space. Therefore, Ubuntu is ideal for use on netbooks that do not excel in Windows performance.

Which version should I choose?

First you need to download the ISO file. First of all, you will be asked to choose between the regular version and LTS. A new version of Ubuntu appears every six months, and an LTS release comes out every two years. Ubuntu with the LTS index is supported for three years, in addition to the two years during which this version will be the last. If you are always looking for new products, then choose the regular version and update the release (see version) every six months. If you want to customize the system and leave it alone, then choose LTS and then you will upgrade to the next release every two years if you want to always stay on LTS releases. Please note that nothing prevents you from updating the LTS version to the regular one every six months.

Choose between 32bit or 64bit

Next you will need to choose between a 32-bit and 64-bit version of the system. Remember that, like Windows, the 64-bit version of Ubuntu will have more compatibility issues than its 32-bit counterpart. There may also be problems with driver support on a 64-bit platform. Ultimately, the choice is yours, the 64-bit version may give better performance, but 32-bit systems will be less of a hassle, and as a novice user this is very important. Ask: What about support for more than 4GB RAM? The answer is simple - you just need to install the kernel with the index “pae” through the graphical package manager.

Download

So, you have decided which version of Ubuntu you will use. Follow the link to download ubuntu, in the “Choose your flavor” field, select the 32-bit or 64-bit version, click “Get Ubuntu XX.XX”. Perhaps after this you will be asked to answer a survey, but now we are not interested in this, at the end of the page click “Not now, take me to the download ›” (translation “Not now, start downloading >”). After this, the download page will open and the download will begin after a few seconds. The *.iso image of the Ubuntu distribution takes up about 700 MB in size, so it is recommended to use a download manager so that you can download the image if the connection is lost.

Warning: We strongly recommend that you back up all your important data before proceeding with the steps in this guide, especially if you want to install Ubuntu on the same hard drive as your Windows system. And this is not because Ubuntu can spoil something, but because the user often unknowingly performs some actions incorrectly, deviating from those described in the manual. We also recommend that you read the entire article before following the instructions. You will have to make changes to the disk partition table, so data loss may occur. You should know how to burn an ISO image to a CD and how to configure the BIOS to boot from an optical drive. In addition, you will need to know the basics of partitioning a hard drive. If you want an alternative boot of Ubuntu and Windows, then install Windows first, because if you install Ubuntu before Windows, you will probably face problems. If you don't trust the partitioner included on the Ubuntu installation CD but don't, or just want to use your own partitioning solution, then you'll need at least 20GB of unpartitioned free space for Ubuntu to follow our instructions.

Let's start the installation

Once you have burned the ISO file onto a CD or USB downloaded from the official Ubuntu website, you can reboot.

Don't forget to pre-set the BIOS to boot from CD/DVD.

After loading the CD, use the cursor keys to select the installation language and press Enter.

Press the ↓ key and then Enter to select the item Install Ubuntu.

Step 1 of 8

Step 1 in the graphical installation wizard involves selecting the language for the new operating system. With your language selected in the left pane, click the Forward button.

Step 2 of 8

Next you will need to select your time zone. You can either simply click on the desired location on the map, or select a region or major city located in your time zone. Once you have set your time zone, click Forward.

Step 3 of 8

The third step is related to setting up the keyboard. You can leave the option Suggested layout or choose your own settings by specifying your keyboard language in the left pane and keyboard layout in the right pane. Once you have made your choice, click the button Forward.

Step 4 of 8

This step involves performing two tasks: firstly, preparation, which consists of freeing up space for Linux partitions, and secondly, creating Linux partitions.

To begin, you will be presented with several options, depending on what is currently on your hard drive. Select Set partitions manually and press Forward, without paying attention to what is currently on the disk.

Step 5 of 8

If the disk is completely empty or you want to install Ubuntu on the second hard disk and leave Windows on the first, follow the instructions Parts B.

If the Windows operating system is installed on the disk and there is unallocated free disk space, follow the instructions Parts C.

Preparing the Hard Drive Part A.

Preparing the Hard Drive Part B.

Preparing the hard drive Part C.

Step 6 of 8

This part of the installation process is very simple, but it is very important to write down or remember the information you enter here! Enter your name in the top field. In the second field, your username will appear, derived from your name that you specified above. Here you can change your username if you are not satisfied with the proposed option. The main thing is not to forget the username you entered! You will need a username and password for more than just logging into the system.

Step 7 of 8

The next step is called Transferring settings from other operating systems is a wizard for transferring support files and settings. This step will be skipped if there are no other operating systems installed on your computer. If Ubuntu is your only operating system, then you will skip straight to the last step. If you already have a Windows operating system installed, you will be asked to transfer files and settings from Windows user accounts to Ubuntu.

Step 8 of 8

The final step displays a window that summarizes all of the changes and settings you've selected.

Button Additionally… opens a window with advanced options for the GRUB bootloader, as well as proxy server settings and an invitation to participate in a user survey. If you have multiple hard drives, make sure that the boot loader will be installed on the hard drive that will boot first. The default value usually points to the first hard drive in the boot queue. Confirm your choice with the button OK. If you are ready click Install to start copying files to your hard drive.

Depending on your system configuration, copying files may take some time. Once the process is complete, you will be prompted to restart your computer by clicking Reboot.

After some time, the CD drive will open and you will be prompted to remove the disc and press the Enter key.

After loading the BIOS, you will be greeted by the Ubuntu boot loader: . If Ubuntu is the only operating system, then the system will boot immediately, if not, then you will have three boot options. The first option is the Ubuntu system, which will automatically boot in 10 seconds. The second option is “recovery mode”, similar to “safe mode” in Windows. The third option is to run a RAM test. Windows will be the fourth option. You can wait 10 seconds for Ubuntu to boot, or use the cursor keys to manually select one of the options and press Enter.

That's it, the system is installed, now you can start Russification, customizing the design and installing additional applications, good luck!

Install Ubuntu and other versions Linux on computers with other operating systems or without them at all, it’s quite simple. The main thing is to know the correct sequence of all actions.

Linux is interesting in many ways. At least because it has access to tasks that Windows itself has never even dreamed of. Let's say you have a computer of an antediluvian model and, of course, new versions of Windows are not available for older units. In addition, by choosing free Linux, you save on OS installation.

You don't need any special skills to install Linux. However, you should initially decide on a specific version. Arch is not recommended for beginners because its installation is more complicated than other distributions. But most others install easily and quickly; even Windows cannot compare with the ease and speed of installing Linux.

Note! Before installing Linux, it is important to do backup important information on your computer. During installation, the hard drive may lose necessary files. Therefore, it would be useful to save data to a portable device. Although, if you strictly follow the instructions below, data loss should not occur. But insurance, in any case, will not hurt.

If operating systems such as Windows, macOS, or even a bare PC are installed on your computer, then you can safely install Linux. Linux is recorded as the main OS, as well as for parallel operation with another system. In general, it’s up to you to decide how to use it.

1. Download Linux version

You don't know which distribution is right for you? Read how to choose.

Once you have decided on the desired option, you should go to the official website of the selected distribution, where you go to the downloads section and select the version that is suitable for the bit size of your processor.

Typically, official Linux sources offer downloading according to two principles to choose from:

via P2P (torrent).

Of course, the last method is the fastest.

2. Burn the Linux version to a portable device

When downloading Linux in ISO format, it must be mounted on removable media (CD disk, flash drive). Transferring information to removable media is simple - regular recording. To do this, you need to right-click on the selected element and select the appropriate item in the window that opens, the function is “Burn disk image”.

To burn ISO to a flash drive, then for:

• Windows - Rufus;

The programs listed are incredibly easy to understand.

3. Preparing the disk partition

This procedure is necessary if you want to use several systems simultaneously. But, if Linux is the only working system, then this step can be skipped.

Windows

• open the “Disk Management Tool”, where we select the disk or a separate partition where we plan to write the future operating system. 10 GB is a sufficient amount of memory. If you plan to download other files, then you need to select “Shrink Volume” with the same right mouse button, then “OK”;
• the process is very long. When finished, a void will appear on the media, highlighted in black. This is where Linux needs to be placed. If you ever get tired of Linux, you can replace it with another operating system in the same way that we suggested for Linux.

macOS

If you have macOS, you can find space for Linux using the Disk Utility function. We select our disk and click on “+”, thus creating a partition for Linux. As in the previous version, the process will be long.

4. Preparing the bootloader

Windows

Now the conversation concerns exclusively new PCs on which Windows of the following series is installed: 8; 8.1 or 10. The trick of these computers is that they use a UEFI bootloader, which does not load any operating system, with the exception of “native” Windows.

But we know how to outwit this principle. We go into BIOS, disable the Secure Boot function and reboot. All! The computer is now ready to download and install new operating systems. You can place these operating systems next to your Windows.

macOS

Here you will have to work a little harder, since macOS requires much more steps to install Linux paired with macOS.

The sequence of actions is as follows: turn off SIP, reboot the system, press Cmd + R. After which the Recovery menu will appear, in which you need to select “Terminal” and enter “csrutil” without quotes
disable". We reboot again. SIP is now disabled.

By default, you have built-in Boot Camp, which is designed exclusively for installing Windows. Therefore, we need to download and install rEFlnd. Thanks to this application, you can download the OS that you need, including Linux.

Then you need to unpack the downloaded file. To open it after unpacking, you need to open “Terminal” and enter “diskutil” without quotes
list". In the window that appears, you need to find the required EFI bootloader. Typically it is named /dev/disk0s1. Enter “mount /dev/disk0s1” and run rEFlnd by moving install.sh from the unpacked folder to the “Terminal” menu.

5. Booting Linux from media

First of all, you need to reboot. Next, select our Linux media. The steps depend on the type of operating system. If we are talking about Windows, then our main assistants are Esc, F9 or Bios. For Macintosh - long press Ortion.

6. Start installing Linux

Let's look at processes using Ubuntu as an example. It should be added that most versions of Linux (openSUSE, Mint, Debian, Fedora, Manjaro and many others) install in the same way as Ubuntu. Some versions require a pseudo-graphical installer. The difference in the installer’s actions is that with the pseudo-graphic version it is necessary to select functions using keys. Other manipulations are performed in a similar way.

So, select the system language and click “Install”. Then check “Install third-party software”, so our brand new Linux will be able to use proprietary drivers. Next, select “Download updates during installation”, which can be left enabled, but this does not apply to a fast Internet connection.

7. Disk partitioning

Now you need to be as careful as possible, since you can erase the disk on which the old operating system is saved. The next steps depend on whether Linux will be the only working system or an additional one.

Installing Linux instead of the current one

There are two ways to install Linux as your only operating system.

auto

creates new partitions and installs the system, deleting all previous data from the disk. The advantages of this method are obvious, because you don’t have to rack your brains over manual steps. For this method, you need to select “Erase disk and install Linux”. It is recommended to first save the information to another hard drive;

manual

This option is better than the previous one in that you independently determine the sizes for the partitions. To select manual installation mode, you must click “Other option”, then “Continue”.

Linux will show you all the partitions on your computer. They can be deleted and used at your own discretion. However, under no circumstances should you touch those sections where the information you need is stored.

To install Linux as the main operating system, you should select the partition with the installed OS and delete it using the “-” key. After that, in the vacant places we create the following sections:

• root - for storing system files of the operating system. Why choose – Ext4 and /;
• swap or paging is needed as additional RAM. You just need to select “Swap Partition” in the file systems menu;
• home – storage for your files. To select this particular partition, click on Ext4 and /home.

Upon completion, click “Continue” and confirm the actions. The program erases the partitions you specify and creates new ones in their place.

Installing Linux as a Second Operating System

Linux as a neighboring operating system with another OS, just like the previous version, is installed automatically and manually.

auto

As for automatic configuration, Linux installers almost always see systems loaded on the computer, of course, if they were created. If not created, then select “Install next to Windows”. Then everything happens automatically.

Manual

Manual installation is required in the case when you yourself want to allocate the number of places that you consider necessary. To do this, select “Other option”, then “Continue”. After which, the system will show the empty space you prepared for Linux. The root partition is immediately created. The Home section is not necessary in this situation.

Click “Continue”. The program does not touch your documents, leaving them in their original places. At the same time, it creates new ones in the vacated space. You decide which OS to boot at startup.

8. Final stage

A program to determine your time zone may ask about your location, and will also ask you to choose a language, give your name and come up with a password.

Now wait for the installation to finish. Once the installation process is complete, the system will prompt you to remove the installation disk and reboot. Be sure to disable BIOS if it was enabled.

After the reboot, you will see the desktop of the installed system. You can perform all the same actions as on another OS.