Rostelecom Gpon technology - what you need to know. What is fiber optic and how does it work? How does fiber optic internet work?

Just over the last couple of decades, computer devices for communication, communication, work or entertainment have appeared in almost every family. Subscriber connections are made via telephone lines, radio channels, and recently fiber optics have been widely used.

I had to evaluate the capabilities of this technology from my own experience. Based on it, I publish tips for the home craftsman on connecting his computer to the Internet via a fiber-optic cable and creating an apartment wired and wireless network with explanatory pictures, diagrams and a video.

First acquaintance with new technology

A decade and a half ago, new equipment arrived at the 330 kV substation where I worked, recording and processing information from electrical signals from a network of a very large number of sensors located in different places - the Parma recorder.

This is an ordinary computer with its own software that performs purely electrical tasks.

Its installation, connection and commissioning were entrusted to us, with the exception of the assembly and configuration of fiber optic lines. We had no experience working with them.

Until this point, communication with these sensors occurred via conventional electrical circuits, which are called secondary. However, a whole group of these devices was located at a great distance. The project involved exchanging information with them via fiber optic cable. We laid it inside the cable channel ourselves, and a manufacturer’s representative who came from St. Petersburg was involved in connecting and checking it.

It was then that it became clear that it was impossible to work with fiber optics without specialized equipment and the proper skills. It is impossible to do anything with it with your own hands.

Fiber Optic Cable Design

Information transfer occurs via optical highways, consisting of individual media combined into a common structure - a fiber optic cable.

Operating principle of optical media

Information exchange occurs through the passage of laser light from the built-in LED. Its transmission is carried out by binary code pulses in one direction. Therefore, two individual channels have been created for the exchange of information.

About cable design

Glass is a fragile material. It can be easily broken and fiber optics works by using glass fibers. It is clear that they require reliable protection from both mechanical damage and loss of light energy.

For this purpose, optical media are combined in various ways into rigid modules and created from them into fiber optic cables. It can be of different designs. One of them is shown in the diagram.

At our substation we used two types of cable: one with a diameter of 6 mm, and the second as thick as the index finger of a hand.

The issue of this technology is described in some detail in the GalileoRU video “Optical Fiber”.

Laying fiber optics on site

Last winter, near us, mechanized laying of such a cable directly into the ground was carried out.

The work was carried out by three, or on difficult terrain, by four tractors coupled in a train. They were pulling a cable-laying plow buried one and a half meters into the ground. On the trolley of this mechanism there is a large cable reel, which, when manually untwisted by the operator, releases the cable through the plow channels into the trench being dug.

A clearly visible signal tape is automatically laid on top of the optical fiber on the ground layer. It is immediately backfilled with soil, and a trace of a depression of about twenty centimeters or a little more remains on the soil surface.

After some time, all the uneven surfaces were leveled with the bulldozer blade of a light wheeled tractor. In summer, the route was overgrown with grass. But on the ground it can be restored using concrete pillars.

Connection technology

On the entrance bulletin board I saw a message from Beltelecom that interested me.

It was also placed on all nearby buildings. In this original way, the provider reported that the era of using copper telephone cables in our area was ending, and the nearby telephone exchanges would soon stop operating.

All landline phone users must make a choice:

• agree to the transition to new equipment offered by the provider;
• or refuse, remaining with the old copper cable.

The choice is voluntary, but very soon the telephone exchange will be stopped: telephone communication via copper cable will automatically stop connecting to the Internet. You will have to enter into a repeat contract and pay money for this service. The provider now replaces old equipment and installs new equipment at its own expense; all this is provided to clients free of charge.

I will immediately note that I was not satisfied. I was interested in unlimited Internet at a favorable rate from the provider.

Therefore, I gave my consent to the provider to connect the Internet via fiber optic.

The work was carried out in three stages:

1. Installation of fiber optic network;
2. Getting a new modem and installing it;
3. Creating and connecting home network equipment to the Internet via fiber optics.

Installation work

Literally a few days after the advertisements were posted, teams of installers appeared in the house. The roar from them did not stop for two days. The panel structure of the five-story building has good acoustics: sounds travel in all directions.

The work was carried out simultaneously in the entrances and apartments.

Installation of equipment at the entrance

Two separate teams were working inside the house.

First day

Electricians punched small holes through the floors, attached plastic canisters and laid a 6 mm diameter fiber optic cable in them.

By the end of the day it hung in curled rings above every door.

The end of each was closed with a special plug.

Subsequent days

In the middle of the landing along the wall, holes were punched in concrete slabs for plastic pipes with a diameter of 4 cm.

This is the loudest period of work. If the noise of the first day can be satisfactorily endured while in the apartment, then at this stage it is better to move away and spend time in another place until the evening.

The process ends with the installation of optical distribution box equipment and plastic pipes for fiber optic cables.

To power the powerful hammer drill, electricians used an extension cord and connected it to the intercom socket, opening the public access box.

By pulling out the power cord of the door electromagnets, they create unauthorized access for any people to the entrance. We plugged our extension cord into this outlet.

I won’t describe what was in the air and what was scattered throughout the entrance. Restoring the usual order took more than one day.

Installation of equipment in the apartment

In parallel with the work in the entrance, the provider’s specialist concluded an agreement with clients, explained the safety requirements for handling fragile optical fiber, and helped with advice on choosing the location for installing the optical socket.

Its installation can be done anywhere. I chose the corner of the corridor near the intercom and the old one. The height of the modem at knee level was quite satisfactory.

The length of the fiber optic cable throughout the apartment was only a few tens of centimeters. The hole was punched with a hammer drill at the level of the baseboard.

A piece of steel wire was pushed through it from the entrance.

On the reverse side, the end of the fiber optic cable was taped with electrical tape.

Plastic boxes were secured from this place.

We installed the optical socket housing on the wall.

We laid the optical fiber by making a small coil in special grooves.

Cover the boxes with lids.

The completion of these works was recorded in the documentation of the electrician and certified by my signature.

An important requirement for the installation location of the modem is the presence of an electrical outlet next to it to connect the power supply. Its relatively short cord is limited to a distance of one meter.

I had to do some extra work specifically for the modem. : near the baseboard. The location in the corner limits accidental access to it.

Getting a modem and preparing to switch to fiber

A few days later, a notice appeared in my mailbox from the provider with an offer to come to the service center to document a new contract.

Organizational matters

When I arrived at the service center, there was no crowd of customers and no queue. The indicated date and time of arrival met my expectations.

The provider's operator quickly completed her work, and I received the completed documentation and a box with a modem.

I was surprised that the last time I received an ADSL modem and the corresponding accessories for it, all the equipment was packed in a branded plastic bag with company advertising. Now I had to tuck this box under my arm: the provider saved on packaging.

The operator explained that a team of electricians would come from him to install the modem and lay the wired network. Work will be carried out according to order. She put the completed form for it in the box. I must confirm the moment of completion of installation with my signatures and must hand over the completed document to the foreman.

Then the next stage will follow: a service center specialist will arrive to connect my equipment to the Internet via fiber optics. His task includes removing the ADSL modem of the telephone network, splitter and excess cables.
I, as a client of the provider, am obliged to return the removed equipment to the service center on the day of switching to fiber optics or, in extreme cases, the next day.

Technical events

A few days after visiting the service center, two electricians arrived at my apartment. I gave them a fiber optic modem to mount on the wall.

Its installation was done quickly: we punched two holes with a hammer drill and secured the case with dowels using self-tapping screws, inserted the modem into it, and connected the fiber optic cable.

There are plastic skirting boards around the perimeter of the floor in the apartment. Two twisted pair wires from the modem to the telephone and TV were secretly laid inside them. I was worried about their length: I assumed it was limited to standard sizes.

But the issue was resolved very simply. The installers have a large bay of such cable. They cut the required piece, lay it down, and then finish it on all sides.

Crimping of the terminals with RJ-45 connectors of the interactive television set-top box cable and RJ-11 connectors for the telephone was performed using REXANT pliers.

After completing these operations, I signed the work order and gave it to the electrician foreman.

Internet creation and settings

Input circuit

In fact, a network for connecting a fiber optic modem to the Internet was assembled. All that remains is to reconnect the phone, TV and computer controls to it, apply power supply voltage, and configure all devices.

This circuit is very similar to working through a copper telephone cable. The difference is that here the landline telephone is connected after the modem and loses its autonomy when it is disconnected.

If the 220 volt household power supply voltage disappears, then any modem always turns off. When it works using ADSL technology, the phone with the PBX line remains connected through a splitter, and the connection of older devices without a separate power supply is not lost. The subscriber can call anywhere, including emergency services, to resolve their issues.

In the scheme of connecting to the Internet via fiber optic, this possibility is not available. The only hope left is mobile communications.

Adjustment work

After completing all operations, the electricians only need to connect the fiber optic equipment, configure the computer, Wi-Fi network, telephone, and TV to its specifications. These issues were dealt with by the provider’s specialists, who arrived after three days of waiting.

One of them turned on power to the fiber optic modem, took out a laptop and began configuring it.

I entered the necessary data to connect the phone via the new network.

Setting up the Wi-Fi network password and all equipment is carried out by a specialist from the provider. This is in contrast to connecting to the Internet via a cable telephone line, where an ordinary user can enter the modem settings through a patch cord and change passwords at their discretion.

However, an advanced user has the opportunity to change the settings of the fiber optic modem by logging into the router at 192.168.100.1 using the factory login and password, which the provider does not change.

During this time, the second worker disassembled the power supply circuit of the ADSL modem and switched the TV and telephone control cables to fiber optics. He also collected all the old equipment that was to be handed over.

We checked the Internet speed on the computer.

I was once again warned that it was necessary to go to the service center of the provider, hand over the old equipment: ADSL modem, splitter and cables for them, transfer money from the old account to the new one.

When switching to fiber optics, the user is provided with a new account on the provider’s service, and the old one ceases to function: until the money is replenished, the Internet will stop working on it.

The prospect of being left without the Internet for more than a day did not suit me. I asked how this issue could be resolved. They helped me process the promised payment, which must be confirmed with actual payment within three days.

All these operations took about 10 minutes. I thanked the provider’s specialists for the work done and went to the service center, where I quickly resolved all the issues and changed the tariff plan to a more profitable one.

When I came home in the evening, I discovered that the landline phone had stopped working. It was upsetting. It was too late to look for specialists. I left this activity for the next day.

In the morning the phone was already working on the new number, and the Internet speed increased sharply.

Thus, I connected to the Internet through the optical fiber of my computer.

The owner of the video, Diplomatrutube, explains in detail the question of how “PON technology goes from the telephone exchange to the apartment.”

If you have any questions on the topic, ask them in the comments.

Fiber optics is the fastest technology for transmitting information on the Internet today. The structure of an optical cable has certain features: such a wire consists of small, very thin wires, protected by a special coating that separates one wire from the other.

Each wire carries light that transmits data. An optical cable is capable of simultaneously transmitting data, in addition to an Internet connection, also television and a landline telephone.

Therefore, a fiber optic network allows the user to combine all 3 services of one provider, connecting the router, PC, TV and phone to a single cable.

Another name for fiber optic connection is fiber optic communication. Such communication makes it possible to transmit data using laser beams over distances measured in hundreds of kilometers.

An optical cable consists of tiny fibers, the diameter of which is thousandths of a centimeter. These fibers transmit optical beams that carry data as they pass through each fiber's silicon core.

Optical fibers make it possible to establish connections not only between cities, but also between countries and continents. Internet communications between different continents are maintained through fiber optic cables laid along the ocean floor.

Fiber Internet

Thanks to an optical cable, you can set up a high-speed Internet connection, which plays a huge role in today's world. Fiber optic wire is the most advanced technology for transmitting data over a network.

Advantages of optical cable:

• Durable, high throughput, facilitating fast data transfer.
• Security of data transmission - optical fiber allows programs to instantly detect unauthorized access to data, so access to it is almost impossible for intruders.
• High immunity to interference, good noise suppression.
• The structural features of an optical cable make the data transfer speed through it several times higher than the data transfer speed through a coaxial cable. This primarily applies to video files and audio files.
• When connecting fiber optics, you can organize a system that implements some additional options, for example, video surveillance.

However, the most important advantage of fiber optic cable is its ability to connect objects located at great distances from each other. This is possible due to the fact that the optical cable has no restrictions on the length of the channels.

Internet connection using fiber optic

The most widespread Internet in the Russian Federation, the network of which operates on the basis of optical fiber, is provided by the provider Rostelecom. How to connect fiber optic internet?

First you just need to make sure that the optical cable is connected to the house. Then you need to order an Internet connection from your provider. The latter must provide connection data. Then you need to configure the equipment.

It is done like this:

The terminal is equipped with a special socket that allows you to connect to a computer and connect the router to the Internet.

In addition, the terminal has 2 additional sockets that allow you to connect an analog home telephone to a fiber-optic connection, and several more sockets are provided for connecting television.

As you read these lines, terabytes of data are floating around the world, locked in glass threads stretched along the ocean floor. Reminds me of magic, but it's just advanced technology. Optical fiber is a technology that humanity owes to the naturalists of the 19th century. Observing rays of light on the surface of a pond, they assumed that light could be controlled, but that brilliant idea was only realized recently with the advent of sophisticated factories and a thorough study of the optical properties of materials.

Locked light

A copper twisted pair (like your internet cable) carries electrons in abundance. The current is transmitted through the conductor and carries with it information encoded in a sequence of pulses. Zeros and ones are a binary code that probably everyone has heard of. The optical signal conductor works on the same principle, but from a physics point of view, everything is much more complicated with it. There could be a half-hour lecture on quantum mechanics, and how many eminent physicists came to a dead end trying to understand the nature of light, but we will try to do without lengthy discussions.

It is enough to keep in mind that, like electrons, photons or light waves (in fact, in our context they are the same thing), can carry encoded information. For example, at airfields, in cases of radio communication failure, signals are transmitted to aircraft using directional searchlights. But this is a primitive method, and it only works at a line of sight distance. At the same time, optical fiber transmits light over kilometers and far from a straight path.

To achieve this effect, you could use mirrors. Actually, this is where the test engineers began their experiments. They covered metal pipes from the inside with a mirror layer and directed a beam of light inside. But not only that, such light guides were prohibitively expensive. The light was reflected repeatedly from their walls and gradually faded, lost strength and completely disappeared.

Mirrors were no good. It couldn't be any other way. Even the most expensive mirror is not perfect. Its reflection coefficient is less than 100% and after each fall on the mirror surface the light beam loses part of its energy, and in the closed volume of the light guide an innumerable number of such refractions occur.

This is where it’s time to remember the pond and those ancient studies that were based on observing the behavior of light in water. Imagine how a ray of the setting sun falls on the surface of the water, overcomes the boundary and heads down to the bottom of the pond.

Those readers who remember the school physics course probably already guess that light will change the direction of its movement. Part of the light will pass under the water, slightly changing the angle of its movement, and another insignificant part of the light will be reflected back into the sky, because “the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.” If you observe this phenomenon for a long time, one day you will notice that the light reflected from a mirror under water, at a certain angle, will not be able to escape outside - it will be reflected completely from the boundary of water and air, better than from any mirror. The point is not in water as such, but in the combination of two media with different optical properties - unequal refractive indices. To create a light trap, a minimal difference between them is sufficient.

Flexible light guides

The materials aren't that important. Physics experiments for children that demonstrate this effect often use water and a clear plastic tube. Such a light guide cannot transmit a light beam more than a couple of meters, but it looks beautiful. For the same reason, lamps and other decorative products often have plastic light guides in their design. But when it comes to transmitting information over many kilometers, special, ultra-pure materials are required, with a minimum of impurities and optical properties close to ideal.

In 1934, American Norman R. French patented a glass light guide that was supposed to provide telephone communications, but it didn’t really work. It took a lot of time to find a material that would meet the highest requirements for purity and transparency, to invent an optical fiber made of silicon dioxide - the purest quartz glass. To create a difference in refractive index in transparent silicon, they resort to tricks. The center of the transparent blank, which will turn into a wire, is left clean, while the outer layers are saturated with germanium - it changes the optical characteristics of the glass.

In this case, the blank is usually sintered from two pre-prepared glass tubes inserted into one another. But you can do the opposite by saturating the fiberglass core with germanium. More technologically advanced and high-quality glass fiber is obtained when glass tubes are filled from the inside with gas and wait until the germanium itself settles on the glass in a thin layer. The tube is then heated and stretched to a meter length. In this case, the cavity inside closes itself.

The resulting rod has a core with one refractive index and a cladding with other optical parameters. It will then be used for the manufacture of optical fiber. While the heavy workpiece, as thick as a hand, does not resemble a wire in any way, but quartz glass stretches well.

The prepared blank is raised to the height of a ten-meter tower, fixed on the top and heated evenly until its consistency resembles nougat. Then the thinnest thread begins to stretch from the glass blank under its own weight. On the way down, it cools and becomes flexible. It may seem strange, but ultra-thin glass bends very well.

The finished optical fiber, continuously flowing down, is dipped into a bath of liquid plastic, which forms a protective layer on the surface of the quartz, and then wound. This continues until the blank at the top of the tower is completely processed into a single thread of hundreds of kilometers of optical fiber.

From it, in turn, cables will be woven, containing from a couple to a couple of hundred individual glass fibers, reinforcing inserts, shielding layers and protective shells.

1. Axial rod.
2. Optical fiber.
3. Plastic protection for optical fibers.
4. Film with hydrophobic gel.
5. Polyethylene shell.
6. Reinforcement.
7. Outer polyethylene shell.

Connection with the speed of light

The described process is complex, labor-intensive, requires the construction of factories and special training from their personnel, and, nevertheless, the game is worth the candle. After all, the speed of light is an insurmountable limit, the maximum speed at which information can spread in principle. Only direct optical communication lines can compete with optical fiber in the speed of information transfer, but not copper conductors, no matter what tricks their creators go to. Comparisons demonstrate the superiority of optical fiber over other means of information transmission the best.

Home Internet in the post-Soviet space is often carried out over a two-core twisted pair cable with conductors one to two millimeters thick. The maximum for it is 100 megabits per second. This is enough for a couple of computers, but when the apartment contains a smart TV, a NAS that distributes torrents, a home server, several smartphones and smart devices from the world of the Internet of Things, even an eight-core wire is not enough. The limitations of the communication channel become apparent. As a rule, in the form of artifacts and stuttering movie characters on the TV screen, or lags in online games. Optical fiber with a thickness of 9 microns has 30 times greater bandwidth, not to mention the fact that there can be several such cores in the wire.

At the same time, it is more compact and weighs significantly less than conventional wires, which turns out to be a decisive advantage when laying trunk communication lines and planning urban communications.

Optical cables connect continents, cities and data centers. In Russia, the first such line appeared in Moscow. The first underwater optical cable ran between St. Petersburg and the Danish Aberslund. The fiber was then extended between businesses, government agencies and banks. In large cities, a scheme has become widespread in which optical communication lines are extended to individual apartment buildings, and, nevertheless, for the average consumer, optical fiber still remains exotic. We would be interested to know how many of our readers use it at home, because most apartments still have the good old twisted pair cable.

Optical fiber is not only expensive and difficult to produce. Its qualified service is even more expensive. You can't do without blue electrical tape here. When installing, quartz fibers must be spliced ​​in a special way, and fiber optic communication lines must be equipped with additional equipment.

Despite the fact that the difference in refractive indices in the core and cladding of the fiber in theory creates an ideal light guide, light launched through a quartz wire is still attenuated due to impurities contained in the glass. Alas, it is almost impossible to get rid of them completely. A dozen water molecules per kilometer of optical fiber is already enough to introduce errors into the signal and reduce the distance over which it can be transmitted.

Electrical engineers face a similar problem with conventional wires. The distance to which a signal can be sent via wire without problems is called the regeneration distance.

For a standard telephone cable it is equal to a kilometer, for a shielded cable - five. The fiber optic core holds light at a distance of up to several hundred kilometers, but, in the end, the signal still has to be amplified and regenerated. Relatively cheap and simple amplifiers are installed on classical communication lines. For fiber optics, complex and highly technical units are required that use rare earth metals and infrared lasers.

A small section of specially prepared fiberglass is cut into the communication line. It is additionally saturated with atoms of erbium, a rare earth element used, among other things, in the nuclear industry. The erbium atoms in this section of the fiber are in an excited state due to additional pumping by light. Simply put, they are illuminated with a specially tuned laser. The signal passing through such an area of ​​​​the cable is amplified approximately twofold, since the erbium atoms, in response to the impact, emit light of the same wavelength as the incoming signal, and therefore retain the information encoded in it. After the amplifier, the optical signal can travel another hundred kilometers before the procedure needs to be repeated.

Such systems require trained specialists for maintenance and constant supervision, so the economic benefit of laying individual optical lines for specific subscribers remains questionable in most countries of the world. And yet, we all use fiberglass to convey messages. The entire modern Internet is based on this technology, and it is thanks to it that Internet broadcasts in ultra-high definition, video streaming, online games with minimal latency, instant communication with almost anywhere on the planet, and even mobile Internet have become possible. Yes, cell phone base stations are also connected by fiberglass.

Even though scientists are looking for new ways to build communication networks, we won't get anything more practical for a very long time. Experimental technologies make it possible to increase the information capacity of glass fiber by two to three times, increasingly thick multi-core glass cables lie on the seabed between continents, but the fundamental limitations imposed by the speed of light locked in a quartz vein are unlikely to be overcome. The solution seems to be the abandonment of quartz and the limitations associated with it, the transmission of information using lasers, but this is only possible in a straight line. Consequently, transmitters will have to be placed in space or at least in the upper layers of the atmosphere. Similar experiments have attracted the attention of major corporations in recent years, but that's another story.

And fiber optic internet is the latest change in the way data is transmitted around the world. It is much faster than regular cable, faster than dial-up, and can carry large amounts of data, often reaching several terabytes of data transfer quite easily.

Before fiber: DSL and cable

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) used existing telephone lines to transmit data, which were typically made of copper. DSL is slow, old, and has largely been phased out in favor of cable, but it remains in some rural areas. The average speed for DSL is about 2 Mbps.

Cable Internet uses coaxial cable, also made of copper, and typically comes with the same cables used to control a television network. That's why many ISPs offer bundled plans with a TV subscription and Internet access. Average speeds for cable vary, but range from 20 Mbps to 100 Mbps.

Optical fiber

Fiber optic cables use small glass fibers to transmit data using pulses of light. Light travels in the same way as electricity through a copper wire, but the advantage is that fiber cables can carry multiple signals at once. They are incredibly small, so they are often combined into larger cables called "fiber optic trunk cables", each containing multiple fiber lines. Fiber cables contain a huge amount of data, and the average speed you'll see in your home is around 1 Gbps (often called "gigabit internet").

Fiber backbone cables form the bulk of the modern Internet, and you'll see their benefits even if you don't have a "fiber Internet" connection. That's because Internet Exchange Points (IXPs)—the switching and routing stations that connect your home to the rest of the world—use fiber optic backbones to connect to other IXPs.

But when it comes time to connect every home in town to your local IXP (a term commonly referred to as the "last mile"), your ISP will typically use traditional coaxial cable for your home. This option becomes a bottleneck for your Internet speed. When someone says they have “fiber internet,” they mean that the connection from their home to the IXP also uses fiber, eliminating the speed limitation of copper cable.

Limitations of fiber optics

There's a reason fiber internet isn't widely available. Fiber is much more expensive to run and doesn't justify the cost when cable lines are often already available. For most people, the 20-100 Mbps speed they get on cable is sufficient, since most internet downloads won't exceed that connection anyway.

And while fiber is certainly better than copper, you won't see an increase in actual download speed due to limitations on the server you're downloading from. An app like Steam loading a 10GB game looks like it will only take a few seconds on a 1000Mbps fiber connection, but you'll actually get a maximum speed of 50Mbps from the Steam servers.

Over local network. It is made from materials such as plastic and metal; its peculiarity is that data is transmitted not by an electrical signal, but by a light signal. Thanks to this, the cable has significant advantages over copper wires and other methods of providing an Internet connection - high speed, lack of interference, and others.

IT technologies do not stop there

Previously, such cables were used to connect buildings and offices, large houses to the Internet, and for individual clients copper wires or twisted pair were recycled. Now the provider's capabilities allow you to install a fiber optic cable directly into your apartment so that you can enjoy uninterrupted high-speed Internet.

In addition, when you connect to the provider's services via a local network, you receive unlimited traffic and no longer worry about how much time you spend on the computer. Let's look at which router to choose for fiber optics, which distributes a signal to other equipment via a Wi-Fi module.

Since we learned that previously optical communications were intended to create a large network from which individual users then receive a signal, it is advisable to mention technology for servers.

Cisco network routers perform best in optical data transmission. This brand produces the most powerful equipment, which justifies its high cost with excellent quality. For example, the 7600 series model has a speed of 32 Gbit/s and provides connectivity for large offices and companies. In addition to it, the brand has many other server routers that can easily cope with heavy loads and provide excellent connectivity to the Internet.

Home routers

For use at home or in small offices, developers create routers with optical ports in a special FTTH format. What port is needed for home use? The FTTB format was created specifically for general Internet use and differs from fiber optic cable, which is recycled to create a network between several groups of clients.

Theoretically, it is now possible to connect fiber optic cables to a regular WAN connector on the device. We will focus on devices that have a separate optical port, and we will mention a router that has such a port in the WAN format.

Since we are interested in the ability to receive a signal and distribute it through a Wi-Fi module, we will look at which router models are suitable for connecting optically.

D-Link DIR-615

A router with the ability to use the Internet via fiber optic and support the FTTH home format. It looks like a regular router, the settings interface is quite simple and understandable for the user. The device is equipped with 2 external antennas, which will cover a large area of ​​the room for signal distribution.

The highest connection speed is 300 Mbit/s, the device operates at a standard frequency of 2.4 GHz. There is support for the IPTV function - interactive television operating via the Internet, which the router can provide in fairly high quality, without interruptions in broadcasting.

Huawei EchoLife HG-8240

The device is an optical router for a home or small office with 2 external antennas. The cost of the equipment is quite affordable for the average user; all the necessary connectors are provided:

• The port itself is for fiber optics.
• 3 LAN ports for connecting several computers via a local network.
• 2 telephone jacks.
• Special port for Internet television.

Mikrotik RB2011UAS-2HnD-IN

A powerful router that has a rather impressive appearance - the body is made of metal, which only adds to its reliability.

It has as many as 10 ports - 5 gigabit and 5 hundred-megabit connectors, and there is an additional USB port.

D-Link DVG-N5402GF

An excellent router with 4 gigabit ports, 1 WAN port and a Wi-Fi module for wireless signal distribution. It has 2 removable antennas, a USB port, and Wi-Fi standard 802.11n, which will ensure high data transfer speeds.

D-Link DIR-825/ACF

Another device from this brand, which stands out among the rest due to its rich functionality. The router is equipped with a 1000BASE-X SFP port for connecting via a fiber optic line. The router additionally has a USB input, which can be used to connect a modem or any other device as a network drive.

The device has two operating ranges - a standard 2.4 GHz and a more powerful 5 GHz. To protect the network from third-party interference, one of several security standards is used; you can set filtering of connected equipment by MAC addresses. The router supports operation as a station for simultaneous connection of several devices with a huge maximum data transfer speed - up to 1167 Mbit/s.

D-Link DIR-615/FB

A router from a renowned manufacturer, which has a built-in optical WAN port, is equipped with two external antennas that provide a large signal coverage area.

Supports all types of connections; if necessary, a LAN cable is connected to it if the provider supplies the Internet using this technology. The maximum connection speed is quite high - up to 300 Mbit/sec.

Using the Internet via fiber optic cable has a number of advantages - high connection speed, electrical safety, immunity to interference, small size and weight. Now you know which router you need to install at home in order to connect such a cord and get the maximum benefit from using the Internet by distributing it via Wi-Fi without losing speed and signal quality.